Part 2 of SDGs in NCU Forum 2024: Sustainable Energy

On the morning of Nov/4, 2024, the Office of Sustainability and Social Responsibility invited Wu Cheng-Hung, Director of the Environmental Protection Department at Taiwan Power Company, to give a lecture discussing the challenges and opportunities for Taiwan in moving toward net-zero emissions by 2050. The lecture covered multiple topics, including low-carbon transition, renewable energy, and energy-saving strategies, aiming to inspire students and faculty at the university to reflect on a sustainable energy future.

Introduction: Energy Consumption and Climate Change
In his lecture, Director Wu first reviewed the history of energy consumption, noting that since the Industrial Revolution, energy use has gradually become the cornerstone of economic development. However, it has also brought environmental pollution and issues like climate change. Director Wu emphasized that today’s energy use is no longer solely about meeting human needs; it must also consider protecting the Earth's resources and promoting social equity. With the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events worldwide, countries are accelerating their efforts to implement carbon reduction policies to mitigate the environmental impact of carbon dioxide emissions.

Taiwan’s 2050 Net-Zero Transition Strategy Blueprint

Regarding Taiwan's net-zero transition strategy, Director Wu emphasized the approach of “low carbon first, then zero carbon,” proposing specific measures such as increasing the share of renewable energy, gradually phasing out coal-fired power, and introducing hydrogen energy and carbon capture technology. The lecture highlighted the 12 key strategies for net-zero transition outlined by the National Development Council, including wind and solar energy development, resource recycling, and the electrification of transportation. Director Wu noted that the burden on the power sector will increase yearly, underscoring the need for innovative technologies to meet the rising demand for energy.

Technological Innovation: Applications of Hydrogen Energy and Carbon Capture

The lecture provided a detailed look at the potential of hydrogen energy as a carbon-free power generation option. Director Wu pointed out that hydrogen has the advantage of not producing greenhouse gases when burned, though the cost of hydrogen production remains high, and transport and storage technologies are still under development. Taiwan is currently collaborating with Japan, Germany, and other countries, aiming to gradually increase hydrogen-based power generation, with a target of reaching a 5% hydrogen blending ratio by 2030. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is another focal point in carbon reduction technologies. The lecture highlighted upcoming CCS demonstration projects at power plants in Taichung and Dalin, with a goal of capturing one million tons of carbon dioxide annually by 2035.

Development of Renewable Energy and Storage Technology

With the rapid growth of renewable energy in Taiwan, energy storage technology has become a crucial factor in stabilizing the power grid. Director Wu explained the concept of the "duck curve," noting that daytime solar generation can lead to a mismatch between production and demand, making advancements in storage technology essential. Taiwan plans to add at least 1.5 GW of storage capacity by 2025 to balance supply and demand. Additionally, storing excess renewable energy in the form of green hydrogen is considered an important future option.

Energy Conservation: Small Changes, Big Impact

In terms of energy conservation, the lecture emphasized the significant impact of saving each kilowatt-hour of electricity. In addition to reducing carbon emissions, conserving energy can effectively decrease water consumption. Director Wu urged the public to make small changes, such as using energy-efficient appliances and lighting, which can have a substantial positive effect on carbon reduction goals. Controlling the growth in electricity demand to under 1.5% annually is also an important future target in power management.

Conclusion: Challenges and Opportunities on the Path to Net Zero

In the final part of the lecture, Director Wu highlighted that the energy transition cannot rely on the efforts of a single sector; instead, it requires collaboration across multiple fields to drive the shift from low-carbon to zero-carbon solutions. Taiwan stands a chance of achieving its 2050 net-zero emission goal by effectively utilizing hydrogen energy, carbon capture, and renewable energy technologies, alongside promoting energy conservation measures.

This lecture provided students and faculty with a deeper understanding of energy transition and sustainable development, injecting youthful energy into Taiwan’s journey toward a greener future. Director Wu also encouraged students to participate in and advance innovation and development within sustainability-related fields in their future careers.